Classification of vacuum blood collection tubes, meanings of different color test tube caps and their additives

Classification of vacuum blood collection tubes, meanings of different color test tube caps and their additives

1. (Ordinary serum tube) - Red head cover, containing no additives in the blood collection tube, used for routine serum biochemistry, blood bank and serological tests.

2. (Fast serum tube) - Orange-red head cover with a coagulant in the blood collection tube that activates fibrin to turn soluble fibrin into an insoluble fibrin polymer, which in turn forms a stable fibrin clot. The fast serum tube can coagulate the collected blood within 5 minutes and is suitable for emergency serum serialization test.

3. (Inert Separation Gel Condensation Tube) - Golden head cover with inert separation gel and coagulant added to the blood collection tube. After the specimen is centrifuged, the inert separating gel can completely separate the liquid component (serum or plasma) and solid components (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, fibrin, etc.) in the blood and completely accumulate in the center of the test tube to form a barrier. The specimen is within 48 hours. keep it steady. The coagulant can quickly activate the blood coagulation mechanism and accelerate the blood coagulation process, which is suitable for emergency serum biochemical tests.

4. (Heparin anticoagulation tube) - Green head cover with heparin added to the blood collection tube. Heparin directly acts as an antithrombin to prolong the clotting time of the specimen. Applicable to erythrocyte fragility test, blood gas analysis, hematocrit test, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and Principal biochemical test, not suitable for blood coagulation test. Excess heparin causes aggregation of white blood cells and cannot be used for white blood cell counts. It is also not suitable for white blood cell classification because it can make the background of the blood stains light blue.

5. (plasma separation tube) - light green head cover, lithium heparin anticoagulant added to the inert separation hose, can achieve the purpose of rapid plasma separation, is the best choice for electrolyte detection, can also be used for routine plasma biochemical determination and ICU Wait for emergency plasma biochemical tests. Plasma specimens can be placed directly on the machine and kept stable for up to 48 hours in a refrigerated state.

6. (EDTA anti-coagulation tube) - purple head cover, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, molecular weight 292) and its salt is an amino polycarboxylic acid, which can effectively chelate calcium ions in blood samples, chelate calcium or Removal of the calcium reaction site will block and terminate the endogenous or exogenous coagulation process, thereby preventing blood sample from solidifying. Applicable to general hematology test, not applicable to blood coagulation test and platelet function test, nor to determination of calcium, potassium, sodium, iron, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase and leucine aminopeptidase And PCR test.

7. (Sodium citrate coagulation test tube) - Light blue head cover, sodium citrate mainly acts as an anticoagulant by chelation with calcium ions in blood samples. Suitable for coagulation experiments, the national committee for clinical laboratory standards (NCCLS) recommended anticoagulant concentration is 3.2% or 3.8% (equivalent to 0.109mol / L or 0.129mol / L), anticoagulation The ratio of agent to blood is 1:9.

8. (Sodium citrate erythrocyte sedimentation test tube) - Black cap, the sodium citrate concentration required by the erythrocyte sedimentation test is 3.2% (equivalent to 0.109 mol/L) and the ratio of anticoagulant to blood is 1:4.

9. (potassium oxalate / sodium fluoride) - gray cap, sodium fluoride is a weak anticoagulant, usually combined with potassium oxalate or sodium iodate, the ratio of sodium fluoride 1 part, oxalic acid 3 parts of potassium. This mixture of 4mg can make 1ml of blood not coagulate and inhibit sugar decomposition within 23 days. It is an excellent preservative for blood glucose determination. It can not be used for urease determination of urea, nor for alkaline phosphatase and amylase. Recommended for blood glucose testing.

Intravascular additive

The additives include: an anticoagulant, a coagulant, a buffer, a protective agent, an inner wall treatment agent, a nozzle treatment agent, a separation gel, and the like. Its variety, performance and concentration directly affect the traits of blood samples and test results. Commonly used are as follows.

1, biochemical class

The biochemical blood collection tube is divided into an additive-free tube (red hat), a coagulation tube (orange hat), and a separation hose (yellow hat). The inner wall of the high-quality additive-free blood collection tube is evenly coated with the inner wall treatment agent and the nozzle treatment agent to avoid cell breakage during centrifugation, affecting the test results, and the inner wall and serum of the tube are clear and transparent, and the tube has no blood hanging. In addition to the inner wall treatment agent and the nozzle treatment agent, the coagulation tube is sprayed in the tube to make the coagulant evenly adhere to the tube wall, so that the blood sample can be quickly and fully mixed after sampling, and the clotting time can be greatly shortened. And no fibrin filaments are precipitated to avoid clogging the device pinholes during sampling. When the separation hose is centrifuged, the separation glue is liquefied and moved to the center of the tube, between the serum or plasma and the blood forming component. After centrifugation, it solidifies to form a barrier, so that the serum or plasma is completely separated from the cells, ensuring the stability of serum chemical composition. There was no significant change in 48 h after refrigeration. Heparin is added to the inert separation hose to achieve rapid separation of plasma, and the sample can be stored for a long time. The above separation hose can be used for rapid biochemical determination. The isolated heparin tube is suitable for biochemical tests such as acute illness and acute intensive care unit (ICU). The biggest advantage compared with serum tubes is the rapid separation of serum (plasma). Second, the serum (plasma) chemical composition can be stable for a long time and is easy to transport.

2, anticoagulant

1) Heparin tube (green cap): Heparin is an excellent anticoagulant with less interference to blood components, does not affect red blood cell volume, does not cause hemolysis, and is suitable for erythrocyte osmotic fragility test, blood gas, plasma permeation, and red blood cells. Consolidation, erythrocyte sedimentation and general biochemical measurements.

2) Blood routine tube (purple hat): EDTA chelate with calcium ions in the blood, so that the blood does not condense. Generally, 1.0~2.0 mg can prevent 1 ml of blood from coagulating. This anticoagulant does not affect white blood cell count and size, has the least effect on red blood cell morphology, and can inhibit platelet aggregation, and is suitable for general hematology tests. A spray method is usually used to uniformly attach the reagent to the tube wall, so that the blood sample can be quickly and thoroughly mixed after sampling. Blood collection

3) Blood coagulation tube (blue cap): A quantitative liquid sodium citrate anticoagulant buffer is added to the blood collection tube. The anticoagulant and the rated blood collection are added in a ratio of 1:9 for the examination of the coagulation mechanism items (eg PT, APTT). The anticoagulation principle is combined with calcium to form a soluble calcium chelate and the blood does not condense. The recommended concentration of anticoagulant for hemagglutination is 3.2% or 3.8%, which is equivalent to 0.109 or 0.129 mol/L. For the blood coagulation test, if the blood ratio is too low, the APTT time will be prolonged, and the prothrombin time (PT) result will also be significantly changed. Therefore, whether the ratio of the anticoagulant to the rated blood collection amount is accurate is determined by the product. An important criterion for quality.

4) ESR tube (black cap): The anticoagulation system of the blood collection tube is the same as the blood coagulation tube, except that the anticoagulant sodium citrate and the rated blood collection amount are added in a ratio of 1:4 for the blood sedimentation examination.

5) Blood glucose tube (grey): Fluoride is added to the blood collection tube as an inhibitor. Due to the addition of the inhibitor and the special treatment of the inner wall of the test tube, the original trait of the blood sample is maintained for a long time, and the blood cell metabolism is basically stagnant. Widely used in the examination of blood sugar, glucose tolerance, red blood cell electrophoresis, anti-alkaline hemoglobin, sugar hemolysis and other items.